Application of botulinum toxin type A in gummy smile: case report

• Main Authors: David Costa MOREIRA (Author), Francielle Silva POSSIDÔNIO (Author), Fabio Silveira de SOUZA (Author), Angela Mitie Otta KINOSHITA (Author), Elcia Maria Varize SILVEIRA (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, 2019-05-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Gummy smile is one of the major complaints of patients, due to its influence on the self-esteem. It is known that it has a multifactorial cause and can be present in the excessive vertical growth of the maxilla, excessive labial contraction, short upper lip and extrusion of the anterior teeth. The u...