GRPR-Antagonists Carrying DOTAGA-Chelator via Positively Charged Linkers: Perspectives for Prostate Cancer Theranostics

• Main Authors: Karim Obeid (Author), Panagiotis Kanellopoulos (Author), Ayman Abouzayed (Author), Adam Mattsson (Author), Vladimir Tolmachev (Author), Berthold A. Nock (Author), Theodosia Maina (Author), Anna Orlova (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2024-04-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040513; 1999-4923
• Keywords: prostate cancer; GRPR; GRPR-antagonist; radiotheranostics; PC-3 cell/tumor; neprilysin; Pharmacy and materia medica; RS1-441
• Source: Pharmaceutics, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 513 (2024)

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-antagonists have served as motifs in the development of theranostic radioligands for prostate cancer. Our efforts have been focused on the development of radiolabeled RM26 (H-DPhe⁶-Gln⁷-Trp⁸-Ala⁹-Val¹⁰-Gly¹¹-His¹²-Sta¹³-Leu¹⁴-NH₂) analogs, such as [¹¹¹In]In-DOTAGA-PEG2-RM26. We recently showed that its Gly¹¹/Sar¹¹-substituted version, [¹¹¹In]In-AU-RM26-M1, resisted degradation by neprilysin (NEP) while in circulation and achieved higher tumor uptake in mice. We herein introduce the following three new AU-RM26-M1 mimics labeled with In-111, with basic residues in the linker: (i) AU-RM26-M2 (PEG2-Pip), (ii) AU-RM26-M3 (PEG2-Arg), and (iii) AU-RM26-M4 (Arg-Arg-Pip). These analogs were compared in PC-3 cells and animal models vs. AU-RM26-M1 (reference). The new analogs showed high affinity and specificity for the GRPR, exhibiting an uptake and distribution pattern in PC-3 cells typical for a radiolabeled GRPR-antagonist. They showed high stability in peripheral mice blood, except for [¹¹¹In]In-AU-RM26-M3. AU-RM26-M4 achieved the highest tumor uptake and promising background clearance, followed by [¹¹¹In]In-RM26-M2, showing lower background levels. These findings were confirmed for [¹¹¹In]In-AU-RM26-M2 and [¹¹¹In]In-AU-RM26-M4 by micro-SPECT/CT at 4 and 24 h post-injection. Hence, the type of positively charged residues in the linker of AU-RM26-M1 mimics strongly influenced biological behavior. The analogs with Pip next to DPhe⁶ demonstrated the best overall characteristics and warrant further investigation.