Revitalizing Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer: Nanotechnology and Bioengineering Approaches

• Egile Nagusiak: Maoxin Lv (Egilea), Shihao Shang (Egilea), Kepu Liu (Egilea), Yuliang Wang (Egilea), Peng Xu (Egilea), Hao Song (Egilea), Jie Zhang (Egilea), Zelong Sun (Egilea), Yuhao Yan (Egilea), Zheng Zhu (Egilea), Hao Wu (Egilea), Hao Li (Egilea)
• Formatua: Liburua
• Argitaratua: MDPI AG, 2024-08-01T00:00:00Z.
• Gaiak: article
• Sarrera elektronikoa: Connect to this object online.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy has been a cornerstone treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer for decades and still faces challenges, such as severe immune adverse reactions, which reduce its use as a first-line treatment. This review examines BCG therapy's history, mecha...