Tyndallized Bacteria Preferentially Induce Human Macrophage M1 Polarization: An Effect Useful to Balance Allergic Immune Responses and to Control Infections

• Main Authors: Serena Di Vincenzo (Author), Maria Ferraro (Author), Simona Taverna (Author), Velia Malizia (Author), Marco Buscetta (Author), Chiara Cipollina (Author), Valentina Lazzara (Author), Paola Pinto (Author), Marco Bassano (Author), Stefania La Grutta (Author), Elisabetta Pace (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Macrophage polarization is a dynamic process through which macrophages acquire specific features whose extremes are represented by M1 and M2 polarization. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-8 belong to M1 macrophages while transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β belongs to M2 cytokines. M2 polar...