Hepatitis B vaccine freezing in the Indonesian cold chain: evidence and solutions

• Main Authors: Nelson Carib M. (Author), Wibisono Hariadi (Author), Purwanto Hary (Author), Mansyur Isa (Author), Moniaga Vanda (Author), Widjaya Anton (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: The World Health Organization, 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

OBJECTIVES: To document and characterize freezing temperatures in the Indonesian vaccine cold chain and to evaluate the feasibility of changes designed to reduce the occurrence of freezing. METHODS: Data loggers were used to measure temperatures of shipments of hepatitis B vaccine from manufacturer...