Evaluation of the content validity of patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments developed for use with individuals with phakic presbyopia, including the Near Activity Visual Questionnaire-presbyopia (NAVQ-P) and the near vision correction independence (NVCI) instrument

• Main Authors: Sarah Bentley (Author), Amy Findley (Author), Sima Chiva-Razavi (Author), Christel Naujoks (Author), Francesco Patalano (Author), Chloe Johnson (Author), Rob Arbuckle (Author), James S. Wolffsohn (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: SpringerOpen, 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Abstract Background Presbyopia is the age-related deterioration in the ability to focus on close objects. In order to develop a patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument to assess near vision functioning, the Near Activity Visual Questionnaire (NAVQ) was adapted to incorporate modern technology (e.g...