Chronic morphine administration enhances nociceptive sensitivity and local cytokine production after incision

• Main Authors: Angst Martin S (Author), Qiao Yanli (Author), Shi Xiaoyou (Author), Liang DeYong (Author), Yeomans David C (Author), Clark J (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: SAGE Publishing, 2008-02-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background -</p> <p>The chronic use of opioids prior to surgery leads to lowered pain thresholds and exaggerated pain levels after these procedures. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this heightened sensitivity commonly termed opioid-in...