Association Between Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor -173 G>C Gene Polymorphism and Childhood Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

• Main Authors: Daojing Ying (Author), Mengjie Jiang (Author), Liping Rong (Author), Hongjie Zhuang (Author), Lizhi Chen (Author), Yuanyuan Xu (Author), Xiaoyun Jiang (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 2296-2360; 10.3389/fped.2021.724258
• Keywords: MIF; gene polymorphism; idiopathic nephrotic syndrome; meta-analysis; children; Pediatrics; RJ1-570
• Source: Frontiers in Pediatrics, Vol 9 (2021)

Background: Studies have identified that MIF -173 G>C gene polymorphism is associated with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) susceptibility and steroid resistance, but the results remain inconclusive.Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for relevant studies published before 31 March 2021. Pooled data were reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Noteworthiness of significant OR was estimated by the false positive report probability (FPRP) test. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to control type I and type II errors.Results: We selected seven case-control studies that included 1,026 INS children (362 were steroid-resistant NS and 564 were steroid-sensitive NS) and 870 controls. The results showed that MIF -173 G>C polymorphism was significantly associated with INS susceptibility in allelic, heterozygous and dominant genetic models (C vs. G: OR = 1.325, 95% CI: 1.011-1.738; GC vs. GG: OR = 1.540, 95% CI: 1.249-1.899; CC + GC vs. GG: OR = 1.507, 95% CI: 1.231-1.845), and FPRP test and TSA indicated that the associations were true in heterozygous and dominant models. The pooled results also revealed that MIF -173 G>C polymorphism was significantly associated with steroid resistance in allelic, homozygous and recessive models (C vs. G: OR = 1.707, 95% CI: 1.013-2.876; CC vs. GG: OR = 4.789, 95% CI: 2.109-10.877; CC vs. GC + GG: OR = 4.188, 95% CI: 1.831-9.578), but FPRP test indicated that all these associations were not noteworthy. Furthermore, TSA revealed that the non-significant associations between MIF -173 G>C polymorphism and steroid resistance in heterozygous and dominant models were potential false negative.Conclusions: This meta-analysis could draw a firm conclusion that MIF -173 G>C polymorphism was significantly associated with increased INS risk in heterozygous and dominant genetic models. MIF -173 G>C polymorphism was not likely to affect steroid responsiveness, but more studies were needed to confirm.