The Antimicrobial Effects of Saudi Sumra Honey against Drug Resistant Pathogens: Phytochemical Analysis, Antibiofilm, Anti-Quorum Sensing, and Antioxidant Activities

• Main Authors: Abdulrahman S. Bazaid (Author), Abdu Aldarhami (Author), Mitesh Patel (Author), Mohd Adnan (Author), Assia Hamdi (Author), Mejdi Snoussi (Author), Husam Qanash (Author), Mohammed Imam (Author), Mohammad Khalil Monjed (Author), Aiah Mustafa Khateb (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

Honey exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria that continues to be a serious health problem. We reported the in-vitro activity of Saudi Sumra honey against clinical pathogenic bacteria and fungi, antibiofilm, anti-quorum-sensing (QS) and antioxidant activities in relation to its phytochemical composition assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Broth dilution method and scavenging activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and <i>β</i>-carotene bleaching assays were performed. The GC-MS analysis of Sumra honey showed that 2,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furan-3-one 1-methylcyclopropanemethanol were the major identified phytoconstituents. Sumra honey showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to clinical isolates of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> including methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) at 300 mg/mL, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (250 mg/mL), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (350 mg/mL) and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (250 mg/mL); clinical fungal isolates-<i>Candida auris</i> (600 mg/mL) and <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> (>1000 mg/mL); wild type fungal isolates-<i>Candida krusei</i> (>1000 mg/mL) and <i>Candida albicans</i> (700 mg/mL). In addition, Sumra honey demonstrated promising inhibition targeting biofilm formation by 59% for <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, 48% for <i>S. aureus</i>, 38% for <i>E. coli</i>, and 33.63% for <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. The violacein production in <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> was reduced to 68%, whereas pyocyanin production in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> was reduced to 54.86% at ½ MIC. Furthermore, Sumra honey exhibited strong antioxidant activities (DPPH − IC₅₀ = 7.7 mg/mL; ABTS − IC₅₀ = 5.4 mg/mL; <i>β</i>-carotene − IC₅₀ = >20 mg/mL). Overall, obtained data highlighted the promising potential therapeutic use of Sumra honey treating infections caused by MDR bacteria and fungi. Moreover, Sumra honey can be a good candidate as an inhibitor agent for bacterial cellular communication in strains of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>C. violaceum</i>.

Item Description

10.3390/ph15101212
1424-8247