Vaping patterns, nicotine dependence and reasons for vaping among American Indian dual users of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes

• Main Authors: Dorothy A. Rhoades (Author), Ashley L. Comiford (Author), Justin D. Dvorak (Author), Kai Ding (Author), Michelle Hopkins (Author), Paul Spicer (Author), Theodore L. Wagener (Author), Mark P. Doescher (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: BMC, 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Abstract Background The American Cancer Society discourages the dual use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) and cigarettes because such use has not resulted in reduced exposures to the harmful effects of smoking. American Indian (AI) people have the highest prevalence of smoking and of EC use in the Uni...