Determinants of hookah smoking among men in the coffee houses: an application of socio-ecological approach

• Main Authors: Fatemeh Bakhtari (Author), Asghar Mohammadpoorasl (Author), Haidar Nadrian (Author), Nader Alizadeh (Author), Leila Jahangiry (Author), Koen Ponnet (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: BMC, 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Abstract Background Tobacco smoking is the second leading cause of death and is closely linked to fatal diseases. Hookah Smoking (HS) is a traditional way to smoke tobacco, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean region that is constantly rising around the world. This study aimed to evaluate the dif...