Fractionation and Hydrolyzation of Avocado Peel Extract: Improvement of Antibacterial Activity
Avocado Hass (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill) peel extract (APE) has the potential as a natural ingredient to substitute for chemical preservatives. The objectives of this study were to assess the phytochemical composition by high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Book |
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MDPI AG,
2020-12-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Summary: | Avocado Hass (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill) peel extract (APE) has the potential as a natural ingredient to substitute for chemical preservatives. The objectives of this study were to assess the phytochemical composition by high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass/mass spectrometry (HPLC-qTOF-MS/MS), total phenolic content (TPC), proanthocyanidin (PAC) content, and antioxidant activity of the APE, the organic fraction (OF), the aqueous fraction (AF), and the acid-microwave hydrolyzed APE (HAPE), on the antibacterial activity (ABA). The results indicated that APE and OF contained (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05) a higher phenolic composition and antioxidant activity than AF and HAPE. The ABA specified that <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> were inhibited by all the extracts (minimal inhibitory concentration-MIC ≥ 500 µg/mL), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was only significantly inhibited by APE (≥750 µg/mL), the same MIC was observed for the OF on <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>. The HAPE increased the inhibitory efficiency up to 25% on <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. (MIC ≥ 750 µg/mL), and 83.34% on <i>L. monocytogenes</i> (MIC ≥ 125 µg/mL) compared to APE (MIC ≥ 750 µg/mL). Also, HAPE inhibited the biofilm formation at the lowest concentration (125 µg/mL); meanwhile, the biofilm disruption showed to be concentration-time-dependent (<i>p</i> ˃ 0.05) compared to amoxicillin. In conclusion, the fractionation and hydrolyzation of APE improved the ABA; thus, those strategies are useful to design new antimicrobial compounds. |
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| Item Description: | 10.3390/antibiotics10010023 2079-6382 |