Opioid Analgesia and Opioid-Induced Adverse Effects: A Review

• Main Authors: Alok K. Paul (Author), Craig M. Smith (Author), Mohammed Rahmatullah (Author), Veeranoot Nissapatorn (Author), Polrat Wilairatana (Author), Mariana Spetea (Author), Nuri Gueven (Author), Nikolas Dietis (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Opioids are widely used as therapeutic agents against moderate to severe acute and chronic pain. Still, these classes of analgesic drugs have many potential limitations as they induce analgesic tolerance, addiction and numerous behavioural adverse effects that often result in patient non-compliance....