Proportions of the aesthetic African-Caribbean face: idealized ratios, comparison with the golden proportion and perceptions of attractiveness

• Main Authors: Angelos Mantelakis (Author), Michalis Iosifidis (Author), Zaid B. Al-Bitar (Author), Vyron Antoniadis (Author), David Wertheim (Author), Umberto Garagiola (Author), Farhad B. Naini (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: SpringerOpen, 2018-09-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Abstract Background In the absence of clear guidelines for facial aesthetic surgery, most surgeons rely on expert intuitive judgement when planning aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. One of the most famous theories regarding "ideal" facial proportions is that of the golden proportion. H...