A Buffered Local Anesthetic Without Epinephrine: Development, Characterization, and In Vivo Efficacy and Toxicity Analysis

• Main Authors: Daniel Uzbelger Feldman (Author), Billy B. Laun (Author), Chirag Patel (Author), Sonal V. Pande (Author), Sai H. S. Boddu (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2024-08-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Lidocaine hydrochloride (HCl) 2% with 1:100,000 epinephrine (LW/E) is widely used to prevent pain during dental procedures and has been associated with injection sting, jittering effects, slow onset, and a bitter aftertaste. Since LW/E's introduction in 1948, no significant modifications have b...