The expression of immune co-stimulators as a prognostic predictor of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and oral squamous cell carcinomas

• Main Authors: Shi-Rou Chang (Author), Chung-Hsien Chou (Author), Hsi-Feng Tu (Author), Chung-Ji Liu (Author), Kuo-Wei Chang (Author), Shu-Chun Lin (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Elsevier, 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Background/purpose: T cells require second immune checkpoint molecules for activation and immune memory after antigen presentation. We found that inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) has been a favorable prognostic factor amongst B7 immune checkpoint co-stimulators (ICSs) families in head and neck squamou...