Effects of a Thermoelectric Element Band on Venipuncture-associated Pain and Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary: Purpose: Venipuncture is an invasive procedure for diagnosis and treatment, which is often attributed to pain and anxiety. In this study, a thermoelectric element (TEE) band was developed to apply heat therapy (40∼45°C), cold therapy (0∼10°C), or thermal grill illusion (TGI) therapy (40∼45°...
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| Materiálatiipa: | Girji |
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Elsevier,
2021-12-01T00:00:00Z.
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