Effectiveness of tramadol-including multimodal analgesia in spinal surgery: a single-center, retrospective cohort study
Abstract Background Multimodal analgesia (MMA) is recommended for postoperative pain management; however, studies evaluating the effect of tramadol-including MMA on numerical rating scale (NRS)-based postoperative pain levels and the length of stay (LOS) in the hospital are limited. Therefore, this...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Published: |
BMC,
2024-09-01T00:00:00Z.
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