Patient-reported outcomes during accelerating the en-masse retraction of the upper anterior teeth using low-intensity electrical stimulation: a randomized controlled trial

• Main Authors: Rashad I. Shaadouh (Author), Mohammad Y. Hajeer (Author), Ghiath A. Mahmoud (Author), Imad Addin Almasri (Author), Samer T. Jaber (Author), Mohammad Khursheed Alam (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: SpringerOpen, 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Abstract Background Low-intensity electrical stimulation (LIES) is considered a relatively recent technology that has received little attention in orthodontics as a method of acceleration. This study aimed to evaluate patient-reported outcome measures when LIES is used to accelerate the en-masse ret...