Patient-reported outcomes during accelerating the en-masse retraction of the upper anterior teeth using low-intensity electrical stimulation: a randomized controlled trial

• 主要な著者: Rashad I. Shaadouh (著者), Mohammad Y. Hajeer (著者), Ghiath A. Mahmoud (著者), Imad Addin Almasri (著者), Samer T. Jaber (著者), Mohammad Khursheed Alam (著者)
• フォーマット: 図書
• 出版事項: SpringerOpen, 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z.
• 主題: article
• オンライン･アクセス: Connect to this object online.

Abstract Background Low-intensity electrical stimulation (LIES) is considered a relatively recent technology that has received little attention in orthodontics as a method of acceleration. This study aimed to evaluate patient-reported outcome measures when LIES is used to accelerate the en-masse ret...