Impact of Morphine Dependence and Withdrawal on the Reinforcing Effectiveness of Fentanyl, Cocaine, and Methamphetamine in Rats

Recent estimates suggest increased popularity of the concurrent use of opioids and stimulants, with over 50% of treatment-seeking opioid users reporting regular stimulant use. The goal of the current study was to determine how opioid dependence and withdrawal affect the reinforcing effects of fentan...

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Hlavní autoři: Robert W. Seaman Jr (Autor), Gregory T. Collins (Autor)
Médium: Kniha
Vydáno: Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z.
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