The impact of tobacco smoking and electronic cigarette vaping on salivary biomarkers. A comparative study

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of electronic cigarette vaping and cigarette smoking on the levels of interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor‑β salivary biomarkers compared to non-smokers. Methods: One hundred and fifty people participated in this study; There were 50 pa...

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Main Authors: Naglaa M. Kamal (Author), Noha S. Shams (Author)
Formato: Livro
Publicado em: Elsevier, 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z.
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3rd Floor Main Library

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