Quantitative Analysis of Glassy State Relaxation and Ostwald Ripening during Annealing Using Freeze-Drying Microscopy

• Main Authors: Tigran Kharatyan (Author), Srikanth R. Gopireddy (Author), Toru Ogawa (Author), Tatsuhiro Kodama (Author), Norihiro Nishimoto (Author), Sayaka Osada (Author), Regina Scherließ (Author), Nora A. Urbanetz (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Supercooling during the freezing of pharmaceutical solutions often leads to suboptimal freeze-drying results, such as long primary drying times or a collapse in the cake structure. Thermal treatment of the frozen solution, known as annealing, can improve those issues by influencing properties such a...