The Orthopedic Effects of Electronic Cigarettes: A Systematic Review and Pediatric Case Series

• Main Authors: Maxwell Luke Armstrong (Author), Nicholas Smith (Author), Rhiannon Tracey (Author), Heather Jackman (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Electronic cigarette (EC) use is highly prevalent, especially in the adolescent population, where 29% of Canadian adolescents have used an EC in the past thirty days per national surveys. Our pediatric orthopedic referral centre observed a cluster of delayed unions of bone fractures in adolescents u...